Arterial blood gas analysis: Understanding ABG reports

This is the first of a two-part unit on arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis, and focuses on background information and basic interpretation of ABGs where no evident compensation is taking place. It discusses the various components on an ABG report, the normal ranges and the significance of abnormal readings.

Coggon, J.M. (2008) Arterial blood gas analysis 1: understanding ABG reports. Nursing Times; 104: 18, 28–29.Abstract

Author
Jacqueline Mandy Coggon, MSc Critical Care, BSc Health Care Practice, Dip Nursing, ENB 100, RGN, is clinical educator for critical care, integrated critical care unit, King’s Mill Hospital, Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.

Learning objectives

Describe the components of an ABG report and their ‘normal’ parameters.

Perform a basic analysis of an ABG with only one obvious abnormal parameter, that is, one without evident compensation.

Critically ill patients are not confined to critical care units. Every day, practitioners working in acute areas encounter arterial blood gas (ABG) results, which they may not necessarily be able to interpret. It can be difficult to find time to develop knowledge. However, in light of guidance and policy documents (NICE, 2007; Department of Health, 2000), it is imperative that all nurses working in acute areas can interpret ABGs and ensure patients receive timely and appropriate care.....

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